Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) and Eating: A Comprehensive Overview
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone that plays a critical role in regulating blood glucose levels and appetite. It is produced in the small intestine and released in response to eating. In recent years, GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have become popular in treating Type 2 diabetes and obesity. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between GLP-1 and eating, including its mechanisms of action, therapeutic effects, and potential implications for eating disorders.
What is GLP-1?
GLP-1 is a hormone produced in the small intestine that helps regulate blood glucose levels, appetite, and digestion. It is released in response to eating and plays a critical role in stimulating insulin release, blocking excess glucose production, slowing stomach emptying, and increasing feelings of fullness.
How Does GLP-1 Work?
GLP-1 works by activating the GLP-1 receptor, which is found on the surface of various cell types throughout the body. This activation stimulates multiple mechanisms to regulate blood glucose levels, including glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, inhibition of glucagon release, delayed gastric emptying via vagal pathways, and central appetite suppression through hypothalamic and brainstem receptors (1).
Therapeutic Effects of GLP-1
GLP-1 receptor agonists have shown potential in managing eating disorders (EDs), particularly bingeeating disorder (BED). Studies have highlighted their effects on pathophysiological pathways, indicating their therapeutic promise. GLP-1 agonists mimic the natural GLP-1 hormone, released in the gut after eating, and have been shown to reduce blood sugar levels, promote weight loss, and suppress appetite (2, 3).
